21 Diciembre 2012
Documental y extensa información sobre el Calendario Maya en Continuar Leyendo
El 21 de diciembre de 2012 termina el Calendario Maya. Varias profecías interpretan esta fecha como la llegada del fin del mundo, pero este documental analiza las investigaciones de varios expertos que nos descubren los secretos de los Mayas y otras culturas ancestrales que nos anuncian un cambio hacia una nueva conciencia y el inicio de una nueva era para la humanidad.
El calendario maya es cíclico, porque se repite cada 52 años mayas. En la cuenta larga, el tiempo de cómputo comenzó el día 0.0.0.0.0 4 ajau, u 8 cumkú (en notación maya) que equivale, según la correlación generalmente aceptada,al 13 de agosto del 3114 a. C. en el calendario gregoriano
Fue utilizado en Mesoamérica. La casta sacerdotal maya, llamada ah kin, era poseedora de conocimientos matemáticos y astronómicos que interpretaba de acuerdo con su cosmovisión religiosa, los años que iniciaban, los venideros y el destino del hombre.
El sistema de calendario tzolkin consta de 260 días (kines) y tiene 20 meses combinados con trece numerales (guarismos).
El tzolkín se combinaba con el calendario haab de 365 días de 18 meses (uinales) de 20 días (kines) cada uno y cinco días adicionales denominados uayeb, para formar un ciclo sincronizado que dura 52 tunes o haabs o 18.980 kines (días).
Las cuentas mayas de los días se escriben con glifos. Los primeros viente números mayas se escriben así:
La cuenta larga era utilizada para distinguir cuándo ocurrió un evento con respecto a otro evento del tzolkín y haab. El sistema es básicamente vigesimal (base 20), y cada unidad representa un múltiplo de 20, dependiendo de su posición de derecha a izquierda en el número, con la importante excepción de la segunda posición, que representa 18 × 20, o 360 días.
Algunas inscripciones mayas de la cuenta larga están suplementadas por lo que se llama serie lunar, otra forma del calendario que provee información de la fase lunar.
Otra forma de medir los tiempos era medir ciclos solares como equinoccios y solsticios, ciclos venusianos que dan seguimiento a las apariciones y conjunciones de Venus al inicio de la mañana y la noche. Muchos eventos en este ciclo eran considerados adversos y malignos, y ocasionalmente se coordinaban las guerras para que coincidieran con fases de este ciclo.
Los ciclos se relacionan con diferentes dioses y eventos cósmicos. Es así como el quinto sol representa el final del ciclo estelar asociado a la luna y el inicio del periodo conocido como el sexto sol asociado al regreso de Kukulkan.
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